history of tipu sultan

 Tipu Sultan (born Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu, [2] November 20, 1750 - May 4, 1799), also known as Tipu Sahab or the Mysore Tiger, [3] was the ruler of the kingdom of Mysore based in the south from India and a pioneer of rocket artillery. [4] [5] [6] He introduced a number of administrative innovations during his reign, including a new money system and a new calendar, [7] and a new system of land income which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry. [8] He developed the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned the Fathul Mujahidin military manual. He deployed the rockets against advancing British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars, including the Battle of Pollilur and the Siege of Seringapatam.

Napoleon Bonaparte, the French commander-in-chief, sought an alliance with Tipu Sultan. Tipu Sultan and his father both used their French-formed army in alliance with the French in their struggle with the British, [9] [10] and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers, against the Marathas, Sira and the rulers of Malabar, Kodagu, Bednore, Carnatic and Travancore. Tipu's father, Hyder Ali, came to power and Tipu succeeded him as ruler of Mysore upon his father's death in 1782. He won important victories against the British in the Second Anglo-Mysore War and negotiated the Treaty of Mangalore's 1784 with them after her father died of cancer in December 1782 during the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

Tipu's conflicts with its neighbors included the Maratha-Mysore War which ended with the signing of the Treaty of Gajendragad. [11] The treaty required Tipu Sultan to pay 4.8 million rupees as a one-time war cost to the Marathas and an annual tribute of 1.2 million rupees in addition to returning all the territory captured by Hyder Ali. [12] [13]

Tipu remained a relentless enemy of the British East India Company, sparking conflict with his attack on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he was forced to sign the Treaty of Seringapatam, losing one a number of previously conquered territories, including Malabar and Mangalore. He sent envoys to foreign states, including the Ottoman Empire, Afghanistan and France, in an attempt to rally opposition to the British.

In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, a combined force of the British East India Company supported by the Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad. They defeated Tipu and he was killed on May 4, 1799 while defending his fort of Seringapatam.

Despite preserving the image of a pious Muslim throughout his life, in the postcolonial Indian subcontinent he is applauded not only as a ruler who fought against British colonialism, [14] [15] but also for his progressive attitude towards religious diversity, [16]] [17] [18] [19] [20] although he has also been criticized for the repression of the Hindus of Malabar and Christians of Mangalore on grounds of the both religious and political